✷ Laser
Dzina lake lonse ndi Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.Izi kwenikweni zikutanthauza "kukulitsa kuwala-chisangalalo cheza".Ndi gwero la kuwala kochita kupanga ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku kuwala kwachilengedwe, komwe kungathe kufalikira mtunda wautali molunjika ndipo akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kudera laling'ono.
✷ Kusiyana Pakati pa Laser ndi Kuwala Kwachilengedwe
1. Monochromaticity
Kuwala kwachilengedwe kumaphatikizapo mafunde osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku ultraviolet kupita ku infrared.Mafunde ake amasiyanasiyana.
Kuwala kwachilengedwe
Kuwala kwa laser ndi mawonekedwe amodzi a kuwala, chinthu chotchedwa monochromaticity.Ubwino wa monochromaticity ndikuti umawonjezera kusinthasintha kwa kapangidwe ka kuwala.
Laser
Mlozera wa refractive wa kuwala umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kutalika kwa mafunde.
Pamene kuwala kwachilengedwe kumadutsa mu lens, kufalikira kumachitika chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafunde omwe ali mkati mwake.Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa chromatic aberration.
Kumbali ina, kuwala kwa laser ndi utali wotalikirapo umodzi wa kuwala komwe kumangotembenukira mbali imodzi.
Mwachitsanzo, pamene lens ya kamera imayenera kukhala ndi mapangidwe omwe amawongolera kuti asokonezeke chifukwa cha mtundu, ma lasers amangofunika kuganizira za kutalika kwa mawonekedwewo, kotero kuti kuwalako kukhoza kufalikira pamtunda wautali, kuti apange mapangidwe enieni omwe amawunikira kwambiri. pamalo aang'ono.
2. Kuwongolera
Directionality ndi momwe phokoso kapena kuwala sikumafalikira pang'onopang'ono podutsa mlengalenga;mayendedwe apamwamba akuwonetsa kufalikira kochepa.
Kuwala kwachilengedwe: Amakhala ndi kuwala komwe kumafalikira mbali zosiyanasiyana, ndipo kuti apititse patsogolo njira, makina owoneka bwino amafunikira kuchotsa kuwala kunja kwa njira yakutsogolo.
Laser:Ndilo kuwala kolowera kwambiri, ndipo ndikosavuta kupanga ma optics kuti alole laser kuyenda molunjika popanda kufalikira, kulola kufalikira kwa mtunda wautali ndi zina zotero.
3. Kugwirizana
Kugwirizana kumasonyeza mlingo umene kuwala kumakonda kusokonezana.Ngati kuwala kumaganiziridwa ngati mafunde, kuyandikira kwa maguluwo ndikokwera kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, mafunde osiyanasiyana pamadzi amatha kuwonjezera kapena kusokoneza wina ndi mnzake akawombana, ndipo monga momwe zimachitikira, mafundewa akamachulukana, mafundewo amachepa mphamvu.
Kuwala kwachilengedwe
Gawo la laser, kutalika kwa mafunde, ndi mayendedwe ake ndi ofanana, ndipo mafunde amphamvu amatha kusungidwa, motero kumathandizira kufalikira kwa mtunda wautali.
Mapiritsi a laser ndi zigwa ndizofanana
Kuwala kogwirizana kwambiri, komwe kungathe kufalikira pamtunda wautali popanda kufalikira, kuli ndi ubwino woti ukhoza kusonkhanitsidwa m'madontho ang'onoang'ono kudzera mu lens, ndipo ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuwala kwapamwamba potumiza kuwala kopangidwa kwina.
4. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu
Ma lasers ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a monochromaticity, kuwongolera, komanso kulumikizana, ndipo amatha kuphatikizidwa m'malo ang'onoang'ono kuti apange kuwala kwamphamvu kwamphamvu.Ma laser amatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka pafupi ndi malire a kuwala kwachilengedwe komwe sikungafikidwe ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe.(Bypass malire: Amatanthauza kulephera kuyang'ana kuwala mu chinthu chaching'ono kusiyana ndi kutalika kwa kuwala.)
Mwa kuchepetsa laser kuti ikhale yaying'ono, kuwala kwamphamvu (kuchuluka kwa mphamvu) kungathe kuwonjezereka mpaka kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kudula zitsulo.
Laser
✷ Mfundo ya Laser Oscillation
1. Mfundo yopangira laser
Kuti apange kuwala kwa laser, maatomu kapena mamolekyu otchedwa laser media amafunikira.Sing'anga ya laser imakhala yopatsa mphamvu kunja (yokondwa) kotero kuti atomu imasintha kuchoka ku nthaka yotsika mphamvu kupita ku dziko lachisangalalo lamphamvu.
Mkhalidwe wokondwa ndi momwe ma electron mkati mwa atomu amasuntha kuchokera mkati kupita ku chipolopolo chakunja.
Atomu ikasandulika kukhala yosangalatsa, imabwerera ku nthaka pakapita nthawi (nthawi yomwe imatengera kubwerera kuchokera ku chisangalalo kupita ku dziko lapansi imatchedwa fluorescence lifetime).Panthawiyi mphamvu yolandirayo imawululidwa mwa mawonekedwe a kuwala kuti abwerere ku nthaka (ma radiation odzidzimutsa).
Kuwala konyezimiraku kumakhala ndi kutalika kwake komweko.Ma laser amapangidwa posintha ma atomu kukhala osangalatsa ndikutulutsa kuwala komwe kumabwera kuti agwiritse ntchito.
2. Mfundo ya Amplified Laser
Ma atomu omwe asinthidwa kukhala osangalala kwa nthawi inayake amawunikira kuwala chifukwa cha cheza chodzidzimutsa ndikubwerera ku nthaka.
Komabe, kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri, m'pamenenso chiwerengero cha maatomu omwe ali mu chisangalalo chidzawonjezeka, ndipo macheza amtundu wokhawokha adzawonjezeka, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zochitikazo zikhale zosangalatsa.
Stimulated radiation ndi chodabwitsa chomwe, pambuyo poti kuwala kwachitika modzidzimutsa kapena stimulated cheza ku atomu yokondwa, kuwalako kumapereka mphamvu ya atomu yokondwa kuti ipangitse kuwalako kukhala kofanana kwambiri.Pambuyo pa ma radiation okondwa, atomu yokondwayo imabwerera kumalo ake pansi.Ndi cheza chochititsa chidwi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa ma lasers, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ma atomu m'malo okondwa, ma radiation omwe amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri amapangidwa mosalekeza, omwe amalola kuti kuwala kumakulitsidwe mwachangu ndikuchotsedwa ngati kuwala kwa laser.
✷ Kupanga kwa Laser
Ma lasers a mafakitale amagawidwa m'mitundu 4.
1. Laser ya semiconductor: Laser yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito semiconductor yokhala ndi gawo logwira ntchito (light-emitting layer) monga sing'anga yake.
2. Ma lasers a gasi: CO2 lasers pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa CO2 monga sing'anga amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
3. Ma lasers olimba: Nthawi zambiri ma laser a YAG ndi YVO4 lasers, okhala ndi YAG ndi YVO4 crystalline laser media.
4. CHIKWANGWANI laser: ntchito CHIKWANGWANI kuwala monga sing'anga.
✷ Za Makhalidwe a Pulse ndi Zotsatira zake pa Zogwirira Ntchito
1. Kusiyana pakati pa YVO4 ndi fiber laser
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa YVO4 lasers ndi fiber lasers ndi mphamvu yapamwamba komanso kugunda kwamtima.Mphamvu yapamwamba imayimira mphamvu ya kuwala, ndipo kukula kwa pulse kumayimira nthawi ya kuwala.yVO4 ili ndi mawonekedwe otulutsa nsonga zazitali komanso kuwala kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo ulusi umakhala ndi mawonekedwe otulutsa nsonga zotsika komanso kuwala kwakutali.Pamene laser irradiates zakuthupi, zotsatira processing zingasiyane kwambiri malinga ndi kusiyana pulses.
2. Mphamvu pa zipangizo
Ma pulses a YVO4 laser amawunikira zinthuzo ndi kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa nthawi yochepa, kotero kuti malo opepuka a pamwamba amatenthedwa mwachangu ndikuzizira nthawi yomweyo.Gawo lotenthedwalo limazirala kuti likhale lochita thovu pamene likuwira ndipo limasanduka nthunzi kuti likhale lozama kwambiri.Kuwotcherako kumatha kutentha kusanasamutsidwe, kotero kuti malo ozungulira amakhala ochepa kwambiri.
Kuthamanga kwa fiber laser, kumbali ina, kumatulutsa kuwala kochepa kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali.Kutentha kwa zinthu kumakwera pang'onopang'ono ndipo kumakhalabe kwamadzimadzi kapena kumakhala nthunzi kwa nthawi yayitali.Choncho, CHIKWANGWANI laser ndi oyenera chosema wakuda kumene kuchuluka kwa chosema kukhala lalikulu, kapena kumene chitsulo pansi pa kuchuluka kwa kutentha ndi oxidize ndipo ayenera kuda.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-26-2023